CNC Router

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Revision as of 08:32, 3 September 2018 by Lukas (talk | contribs) (→‎Materials: PC/PMMA info from Whatsapp group; detailed aluminum/POM info should be moved to milling experiences imho)

CNC router.gif

A CNC router is a computerized woodworking machine - basically a router mounted on a positioning system. While it may also be able to handle other materials than wood depending on the bits you use, a proper CNC mill is more precise for machining parts out of metals and other non-wood materials.

To use this machine, you need to familiarize yourself with at least two pieces of software:

There is also an interesting new approach of handheld CNC routing coming out which may remove the size constraints that come with any fixed-frame machine.

Uses

You can make furniture or even build a house. For more ideas, check out the CNC Milling Ideas.

WorkBee

MachineInfoBox

Ooznest WorkBee CNC

Workbee frame.JPG
Synonyms: DE: CNC-Fräse, Portalfräsmaschine
Material: wood
Used with: 6 mm, 8 mm, 1/4" or 1/8" end mills;
some kinds of router bits
Access Requirements: CNC Router IntroductionSome use of "" in your query was not closed by a matching "".
Firmware: grbl
Software: LaserWeb, Fusion360, see G-Code Sender
Manual: product page, click "documentation" tab
Tutors: NitramLegov
Pakue
Johannes
Luzian
LeoSome use of "" in your query was not closed by a matching "".
Similar (More or Less): router, CNC mill


We built the 1500mm x 1500mm version of the WorkBee CNC, which is based on the Openbuilds OX. It can currently cut sheet material of up to 20 mm thickness on a work area of approximately 1250 × 1250 mm.

Details on setting it up can be found in issue #8 - maybe you would like to help?

Router

The router mounted to it is a Dewalt D26200 (GB; known outside Europe as DWP611). You need to consider the sizes of its collets (Spannzangen) when buying your router bits.

  • no-load speed: 16000 - 27000 rpm
  • max cutter diameter: 30 mm
  • available collet diameters:
    • 6 mm
    • 8 mm
    • 1/4 inch (6.35 mm)
    • 1/8 inch (3.175 mm)

The collets of the DW613, DW620 and DW621 also fit the router and are easier to get in Germany than the original ones.

Dust Extraction

We have added a cyclone dust separator between the shop vac and the CNC router itself. Thereby, the bulk of the shavings and dust should be collected in an easily emptied box rather than the shop vac's bag.

The part that attaches the dust extraction hose to the router is called a "dust shoe". We are currently using this one designed by Patrick. The next version should ideally fit the dust extraction hose without an adapter and include a kind of transparent, flexible "skirt" to optimize the airflow.

Other interesting designs:

G-Code Sender

After creating the tool paths in a suitable CAM software (e.g. Fusion 360) they need to be sent to the router in real time via the serial interface (USB).
Our experiences can be found on: G-Code Sender


Tips & Tricks

  • to avoid tear-out at the edge of a sensitive workpiece, it may be worthwhile to surround it with some sacrificial material (like MDF) before routing [1]

Spoilboard

Ooznest recommends a 6mm spoiler board, our first one is 20mm thick. It is mounted to the frame using 4 drop-in T-slot nuts. Cutting into the boards will make it uneven, from time to time it is neccessary to surface the spoiler board again.

When there is time, we would like to drill workholding holes into the spoilboard.

Materials

(For more details, see "Milling Experiences")

Plastics

Polycarbonate works better than acrylic glass.

POM/Acetal/Delrin

Bits

tested with 2 and 3 sided HSS Bits 4mm-6mm but no indication against any other diameters

RPM, Speeds, etc.

Spindle on level 1 (=16 000rpm)

  • Schnittvorschub: 500mm/min +
  • Einfahrvorschub: 500mm/min +
  • Ausfahrvorschub: 500mm/min +
  • Helixvorschub: 200mm/min +
  • Eintauchvorschub: 30mm/min
  • Depths: 2-3mm

Strongly advise a horizontal Rohteilaufmaß and a final finishing cut to remove any "layer" marks.

Cooling

Not neccessary with the current settings but might increase the cutting speeds drastically

Plywood

Most kinds of plywood should work, but of course you only get out what you put in - Micha has had bad experiences with pine plywood as it is much too soft and likes to warp.

Aluminum

Possible with a lot of patience and the correct bits, but check if it's millable aluminum

  • different alloys of aluminum containing Cu, Si, Pb

Bits

maximum two cutting sides carbide is more rigid than HSS and advised by some online guides Tested 4mm 2-sided pointy-end bit with acceptable success

RPM, Speeds, etc.

Values are only the tested ones, faster CAN be possible as well

  • slow RPM: 16 000 is our minimum but e.g. for a 4mm bit, 6000 RPM would be better
    • different mill or PID-ing?
  • Feed Rate/Schnittvorschub: ~200 mm/min
  • Einfahrvorschub: 15-20 mm/min
  • Ausfahrvorschub: 200 mm/min
  • Helixvorschub: 15-25 mm/min
  • Eintauchvorschub: 15 mm/min
  • Depths: 0.25mm per pass

Milling directions (to be tested): Conventional/Up-Cut (Gleichlauf) milling milling for the basic different passes with a finish using Climb-milling/Down-Cut milling (= Gegenlauf)

Cooling

Not yet tested

  • any sort of lubricant or coolant will increase the efficiency of aluminum milling
    • there are suggestions ranging from cutting fluid over WD-40 to candle wax for lubing
    • As coolant, a water or alcohol mist seems unsuitable with our pressboard
      • instead, using the air compressor might be a possiblity

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